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The Lacanian movement comprises the various followings of the innovative but dissident French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. Lacanianism began as a philosophical/linguistic re-interpretation of Freud's original teachings.〔Malcolm Bowie, ''Lacan'' (1991) p. 111 and p. 196〕 How far it subsequently became an independent body of thought has been, and remains, a matter of debate — Lacan himself famously informing his followers, "It is up to you to be Lacanians if you wish. I am a Freudian".〔Lacan, J., "Overture to the 1st International Encounter of the Freudian Field" in ''Hurly-Burly'', Issue 6, September 2011, p. 18.〕 The wide extent of Lacan's evolving intellectual stances, and his inability to find a settled institutional framework for his work, has meant that over time the Lacanian movement has been subject to numerous schisms and continuing divisions.〔Élisabeth Roudinesco, ''Jacques Lacan'' (Cambridge 2005) p. 432-3〕 ==Lacan's lifetime== Three main phases may be identified in Lacan's mature work:〔James M. Mellard, ''Beyond Lacan'' (2006) p. 49-54〕 his Fifties exploration of the Imaginary and the Symbolic; his concern with the Real and the lost object of desire, the objet petit a, during the Sixties; and a final phase highlighting jouissance and the mathematical formulation of psychoanalytic teaching. As the fifties Lacan developed a distinctive style of teaching based on a linguistic reading of Freud, so too he built up a substantial following within the Société Française de Psychanalyse (), with Serge Leclaire only the first of many French "Lacanians".〔Élisabeth Roudinesco, ''Jacques Lacan'' (Cambridge 2005) p. 248〕 It was this phase of his teaching that was memorialised in ''Écrits'', and which first found its way into the English-speaking world, where more Lacanians were thus to be found in English or Philosophy Departments than in clinical practice.〔David Macey, 'Introduction', Jacques Lacan, ''The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis'' (1994) p. xiv〕 However the very extent of Lacan's following raised serious criticisms: he was accused both of abusing the positive transference to tie his analysands to himself, and of magnifying their numbers by the use of shortened analytic sessions.〔David Macey, 'Introduction', Jacques Lacan, ''The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis'' (1994) p. xii-iv〕 The questionable nature of his following was one of the reasons for his failure to gain recognition for his teaching from the IPA recognition for the French form of Freudianism that was "Lacanianism"〔Élisabeth Roudinesco, ''Jacques Lacan'' (Cambridge 2005) p. 248〕 — a failure that led to his founding the École Freudienne de Paris (EFP) in 1964.〔David Macey, 'Introduction', Jacques Lacan, ''The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis'' (1994) p. xiii〕 Many of his closest and most creative followers, such as Jean Laplanche, chose the IPA over Lacan at this point, in the first of many subsequent Lacanian schisms.〔Élisabeth Roudinesco, ''Jacques Lacan'' (Cambridge 2005) p. 259〕 Élisabeth Roudinesco has suggested that, after the founding of the EFP “the history of psychoanalysis in France became subordinate to that of Lacanianism...the Lacanian movement occupied thereafter the motor position in relation to which the other movements were obliged to determine their course'”.〔Élisabeth Roudinesco, ''Jacques Lacan & Co'' (1990) p. 375〕 There was certainly a large expansion in the numbers of the school, if arguably at the expense of quantity over quality, as a flood of psychologists submerged the analysts who had come with him from the SFP.〔Élisabeth Roudinesco, ''Jacques Lacan'' (Cambridge 2005) p. 293-5〕 Protests against the new regime reached a head with the introduction of the self-certifying 'passe' to analytic status, and old comrades such as François Perrier broke away in the bitter schism of 1968 to found the Quatrieme Groupe. However, major divisions remained within the EDF underwent another painful split over the question of analytic qualifications. There remained within the movement a broad division between the old guard of first generation Lacanians', focused on the symbolic〔James A. Mellard, ''Beyond Lacan'' (2006) p. 54〕 — on the study of Freud through the structural linguistic tools of the fifties〔Élisabeth Roudinesco, ''Jacques Lacan'' (Cambridge 2005) p. 334〕 — and the younger group of mathematicians and philosophers centred on Jacques-Alain Miller, who favoured a self-contained Lacanianism, formalised and free of its Freudian roots. As the seventies Lacan spoke of the mathematicisation of psychoanalysis and coined the term 'matheme' to describe its formulaic abstraction, so Leclaire brusquely dismissed the new formulas as “graffiti”〔David Macey, 'Introduction', Jacques Lacan, ''The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis'' (1994) p. xxxii-ii〕 Nevertheless despite these and other tensions, the EDF held together under the charisma of their Master, until (despairing of his followers) Lacan himself dissolved the school in 1980 the year before his death. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「lacanian movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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